ប្រាសាទព្រះវិហារ
ប្រាសាទព្រះវិហារ គឺជាស្នាដៃស្ថាបត្យកម្មសិល្បៈដ៏អស្ចារ្យប្រៀបបាននិងត្បូងពេជ្រ
វប្បធម៌ដ៏ពិសិដ្ឋជាមួយនិងប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ត ប្រកបដោយភាពជោគជ័យនៅក្នុងកាលៈទេសៈ
ទ្វេរគ្រោះ ហើយបន្ទាប់មក អច្ឆរិយកប្រាសាទនេះក៏ត្រូវបានអង្គការយូណេស្កូ សម្រេច
ចុះឈ្មោះក្នុងបញ្ញីបេតិភ័ណ្ឌពិភពលោក នៅថ្ងែទី០៧ កក្កដាឆ្នាំ២០០៨ នៅទីក្រុងកេបិច ប្រទេសកាណាដា។ ប្រាសាទព្រះវិហារ គឺជាកំពូលបញ្ញាញាណពោរពេញទៅដោយ ទេពកោសល្យរបស់ខ្មែរ ហើយវាគឺជាភស្តុតាងដ៏ល្អខាងផ្នែកសិល្បះប្រពែណីវប្បធម៌
និងអារ្យធម៌ វាជាកំពូលស្ថាបត្យកម្ម ឬបច្ចេកវិទ្យាសំយោគ ហើយក៏ជាទស្សនីយភាព ដ៏មានន័យជាប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្តេបស់មនុស្សលោកផងដែរ ។ ប្រាសាទដ៏មហិមានេះមាន
ព្រះមហាក្សត្យប្រហែល១០អង្គដែលបានចូលរួមកសាងស្ថាបនា ប៉ុន្តែក្នុងចំណោមនោះ
មានមហាក្សត្យ៦អង្គដែលបានបន្សល់សមិទ្ធិផលច្រើនជាងគេ។ ប្រាសាទនេះចាប់ផ្តើម
ស្ថាបនាក្នុងរជ្ជកាលព្រះបាទយសោវរ្ម័នទី១ (គ.ស ៨៨៩ - ៩១០) លោកជាអ្នកស្ថាបនា
គ្រឹះខាងក្រោម និងជណ្តើរបុរាណពីទិសខាងកើតឡើងពីជើងភ្នំឆ្ពោះទៅលើប្រមាណ
ជាង១ គ.ម។ ព្រះមហាក្សត្យសុរិយវរ្ម័នទី១ (គ.ស ១០០២ - ១០៥០ ) និងរាជទាយាទ
របស់ព្រះអង្គ គឺព្រះមហាក្សត្យឧទ័យទិត្យាវរ្ម័នទី២(គ.ស ១០០២ - ១០៦៨ ) បានបន្តរ
ស្ថាបនាក្នុងរជ្ជកាលព្រះបាទយសោវរ្ម័នទី១ (គ.ស ៨៨៩ - ៩១០) លោកជាអ្នកស្ថាបនា
គ្រឹះខាងក្រោម និងជណ្តើរបុរាណពីទិសខាងកើតឡើងពីជើងភ្នំឆ្ពោះទៅលើប្រមាណ
ជាង១ គ.ម។ ព្រះមហាក្សត្យសុរិយវរ្ម័នទី១ (គ.ស ១០០២ - ១០៥០ ) និងរាជទាយាទ
របស់ព្រះអង្គ គឺព្រះមហាក្សត្យឧទ័យទិត្យាវរ្ម័នទី២(គ.ស ១០០២ - ១០៦៨ ) បានបន្តរ
កិច្ចការស្ថាបនានោះពីព្រះបិតារបស់ទ្រង់ (សុរិយវរ្ម័នទី១) ដែលជាអ្នករៀបចំតុបតែង
ស្ថាបនាមហាប្រាសាទសិលាដ៏ធំសំបើមនេះ បន្សល់ទុករហូតដល់បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះ ។
បន្ទាប់មកទៀតគឺព្រះមហាក្សត្យជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៦ (គ.ស ១០៨០ -១១០៧ ) ព្រះមហាក្សត្យ
ធរនិន្រ្ទវរ្ម័នទី១ (គ.ស ១១០៧-១១១៣ ) ហើយជាចុងក្រោយ គឺព្រះមហាក្សត្យសុរិយវរ្ម័ន
ទី២ (គ.ស ១១១៣- ១១៥០) ព្រះអង្គគឺជាអ្នកចាត់ចែងបញ្ចប់ការសាងសង់នេះ ។សំណង់ប្រាសាទព្រះវិហារ សំរាប់ឧទ្ទិសដល់ព្រះសិវៈដែលជាអាទិទេពនែព្រហ្មញ្ញសាសនា ប៉ុន្តែប្រាសាទនេះមិនអាចកាច់ផ្តាច់ពីឥទ្ធិពលព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនាបានទេ ព្រោះព្រះមហាក្សត្យ
ភាគច្រើនបានចូលរួមព្រះហស្ថកសាងប្រាសាទនេះ លោកសុទ្ធសឹងជាក្សត្យយល់ដឹង
ជ្រៅជ្រះអំពីព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា ។ ស្ថាបត្យកម្មប្រាសាទព្រះវិហារគឺអស្ចារ្យណាស់ព្រោះ
វាមានជាន់ដាច់ពីគ្នាហើយតភ្ជាប់ដោយមាគ៌ាយ៉ាងវែង នៅគ្រប់ជាន់នីមួយ មានគោបុរៈ (រោងទងមួយ)។
តាំងតែពីបុរាណកាលរហូតមកដល់បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះប្រាសាទព្រះវិហារ គឺជាទីសក្ការៈ
ដ៏ពិសិដ្ឋសំរាប់ព្រះមហាក្សត្យខ្មែរនិងជនានុជនគ្រប់គ្នា ហើយអ្វីដែលពិសេសរបស់ប្រាសាទ
នេះគឺតំណាងអោយភ្នំព្រះសុមេរុ ដែលជាទីស្ថានសំរាប់ពួកអាទិទេពនៃលទ្ធិហិណ្ឌូ របស់
ព្រហ្មញ្ញសាសនា។
According to high government official oMinistry of Fines and Arts, Preahf Vihea will be included the
World Heritage next year following world heritage committee will monitor and evaluate the result of the visit to Preah Vihea Temple.Preah Vihea located at Svay Chrum Village, Kan Tout Commune, Choam Ksan District, on the mountain rank of Dang Rek (Preah Vihear Mountain is 800 Meters x 400 Meters. Preah Vihear Mountain has very steep side from Cambodia and gently sloping side from Thailand. Preah Vihear temple has 405-Kilometer distance from Phnom Penh or 108-Kilometerdistance from the provincial town of Preah Vihear by road No 211 to the Choam Ksan District.Chhuch Phoeun, Secretary of State for Ministry of Fines and Arts, quoted by local-khmer newspaper said that after officials in charge of the world heritage affairs visited to Preah Vihea on November 1st 2006 in order to monitor and evaluate, the result of the visit will be reported to session to make decision in Netherlands. And the session’s decision to be made will be scheduled in 2007. On January 30, 2006, Cambodia government submitted proposal to be inscribed Preah Vihea into the World Heritage Property.Preah Vihear temple was handed over by France to Thailand in 1954 and given back to Cambodia by the sentence of the La Er International Court dated 15 June 1962. This temple is the historical site named “Se Khari Svarakâ means “power of mountainâ and was built at the end of 9th century and at the beginning of 10th century by four Kings – Preah Bat Yak So Varman I from AD 889-910; Preah Bat Sorya Varman I from AD 1002-1050; Preah Bat Sorya Varman II from AD 1113-1150 and Preah Bat Chey Varman VI from AD 1080-1109.
ភាគច្រើនបានចូលរួមព្រះហស្ថកសាងប្រាសាទនេះ លោកសុទ្ធសឹងជាក្សត្យយល់ដឹង
ជ្រៅជ្រះអំពីព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា ។ ស្ថាបត្យកម្មប្រាសាទព្រះវិហារគឺអស្ចារ្យណាស់ព្រោះ
វាមានជាន់ដាច់ពីគ្នាហើយតភ្ជាប់ដោយមាគ៌ាយ៉ាងវែង នៅគ្រប់ជាន់នីមួយ មានគោបុរៈ (រោងទងមួយ)។
តាំងតែពីបុរាណកាលរហូតមកដល់បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះប្រាសាទព្រះវិហារ គឺជាទីសក្ការៈ
ដ៏ពិសិដ្ឋសំរាប់ព្រះមហាក្សត្យខ្មែរនិងជនានុជនគ្រប់គ្នា ហើយអ្វីដែលពិសេសរបស់ប្រាសាទ
នេះគឺតំណាងអោយភ្នំព្រះសុមេរុ ដែលជាទីស្ថានសំរាប់ពួកអាទិទេពនៃលទ្ធិហិណ្ឌូ របស់
ព្រហ្មញ្ញសាសនា។
According to high government official oMinistry of Fines and Arts, Preahf Vihea will be included the
World Heritage next year following world heritage committee will monitor and evaluate the result of the visit to Preah Vihea Temple.Preah Vihea located at Svay Chrum Village, Kan Tout Commune, Choam Ksan District, on the mountain rank of Dang Rek (Preah Vihear Mountain is 800 Meters x 400 Meters. Preah Vihear Mountain has very steep side from Cambodia and gently sloping side from Thailand. Preah Vihear temple has 405-Kilometer distance from Phnom Penh or 108-Kilometerdistance from the provincial town of Preah Vihear by road No 211 to the Choam Ksan District.Chhuch Phoeun, Secretary of State for Ministry of Fines and Arts, quoted by local-khmer newspaper said that after officials in charge of the world heritage affairs visited to Preah Vihea on November 1st 2006 in order to monitor and evaluate, the result of the visit will be reported to session to make decision in Netherlands. And the session’s decision to be made will be scheduled in 2007. On January 30, 2006, Cambodia government submitted proposal to be inscribed Preah Vihea into the World Heritage Property.Preah Vihear temple was handed over by France to Thailand in 1954 and given back to Cambodia by the sentence of the La Er International Court dated 15 June 1962. This temple is the historical site named “Se Khari Svarakâ means “power of mountainâ and was built at the end of 9th century and at the beginning of 10th century by four Kings – Preah Bat Yak So Varman I from AD 889-910; Preah Bat Sorya Varman I from AD 1002-1050; Preah Bat Sorya Varman II from AD 1113-1150 and Preah Bat Chey Varman VI from AD 1080-1109.
Preah Vihear as a World Heritage Site
On July 8, 2008, the World Heritage Committee decided to add Prasat Preah Vihear, along with 26 other sites, to the World Heritage Site list, despite several protests from Thailand.As the process of Heritage-listing began, Cambodia announced its intention to apply for World Heritage inscription by UNESCO. Thailand protested that it should be a joint-effort and UNESCO deferred debate at its 2007 meeting.
Following this both Cambodia and Thailand were in full agreement that Preah Vihear Temple had "Outstanding Universal Value" and should be inscribed on the World Heritage List as soon as possible. The two nations agreed that Cambodia should propose the site for formal inscription on the World Heritage List at the 32nd session of the World Heritage Committee in 2008 with the active support of Thailand. This led to a redrawing of the map of the area for proposed inscription, removing the 4.2sq kilometres of border territory awarded to Cambodia but still occupied by Thailand and leaving only the temple and its immediate environs.
Thailand's political opposition launched an attack on this revised plan (see New dispute over ownership), claiming the inclusion of Preah Vihear could "consume" the overlapping area of the dispute lands. In response to the political pressure at home, Thailand withdrew its formal support for the listing of Preah Vihear Temple as a World Heritage site.
Cambodia continued with the application for World Heritage status and, despite official Thai protests, on July 7, 2008 (July 8 in Cambodia), Preah Vihear Temple was inscribed on the list of World Heritage sites.
The renewed national boundary dispute of 2008 has been a reminder that despite the World Heritage ideals of conservation for all humanity, operating a World Heritage site often requires use of national authority at odds with the local cultures and natural diversity of the landscape. Prior to listing, Cambodia considered Preah Vihear part of a Protected Landscape (IUCN category V) defined as "Nationally significant natural and semi-natural landscapes that must be maintained to provide opportunities for recreation." However, Category V is generally defined as "Land, with coast and seas as appropriate, where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of distinct character with significant aesthetic, cultural and/or ecological value, and often with high biological diversity. Safeguarding the integrity of this traditional interaction is vital to the protection, maintenance and evolution of such an area."
Around 1994, Thailand held a World Heritage proposal conference in Srisaket in which the local cultural traditions were considered along with monuments like Preah Vihear that stimulate more nationalistic sentiments. Reportedly the use of passes in the Dongrak Mountains tied together cultural communities and practices divided by a militarized (and imperfectly demarcated) modern border line. A Mon-Khmer ethnic minority, the Kui or Suay (the ethnonyms have multiple spellings), used the passes to hunt and capture elephants in the forests below the Dongrak cliff edge, including the Kulen area now a Cambodian wildlife sanctuary. Kui in Cambodia were skilled ironsmiths using ore from Phnom Dek.[13]
While elephant hunting in the vicinity of Preah Vihear was touched upon in the International Court of Justice proceedings, the World Heritage plans overlook local culture and species protection to facilitate national revenues from tourism. One international law professor has urged that practicality calls for laying aside exclusive sovereignty in favor of an "international peace park."[14] A scholarly article concurs in concluding: "since Thailand and Cambodia have brought only blood and bitterness to this place, it might be desirable to preserve it from both. It could be given back to nature and the indigenous peoples, to be managed cooperatively between the two governments in equal partnership with local communities, as a transborder Protected Landscape-Anthropological Reserve (IUCN category V and old category VII)."[15] Given the massing troops in 2008, perhaps such a transborder reserve would create not only a demilitarized buffer zone in which any future demarcation can be amicably undertaken, but a recognition of the added ecological and cultural aspects of an area which both Cambodia and Thailand may still save from the destructive and exploitative impacts of rapid development so often suffered in other ASEAN countries.
